A collection of articles and tutorials available on the Internet. This is a free information resource. http://www.web-articles.info en-us Web-articles.info 2007 adv@e-articles.info adv@e-articles.info (...) ) If you use CFINVOKE to call three of a component’s functions in a single ColdFusion template, as shown in the code, ColdFusion Server creates three separate instances of that component to give you what you want, and that’s not very efficient. <cfinvoke component=”Company” method=”GetCompany” returnvariable=”companyRecord1”> <cfinvokeargument name=”CompanyID” value=”8”> </cfinvoke> <cfinvoke component=”Company” method=”GetCompany” returnvariable=”companyRecord2”> <cfinvokeargument name=”CompanyID” value=”9”> </cfinvoke> <cfinvoke component=”Company” method=”GetCompany” returnvariable=”companyRecord3”> <cfinvokeargument name=”CompanyID” value=”10”> </cfinvoke> The correct way to call a component’s functions multiple times from a single template is to separately instantiate an object with a formal name and then call the functions of that one instance as you need them. The code shows this principle in action. (...) by Peter Andrews http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Invoking-a-Component-Function/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Invoking-a-Component-Function/ Sun, 04 May 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) More commonly, you want to further process the specific data that were matched. For example, you hope that data from your web form contain a valid credit card number – a sequence of 13 to 16 digits. You would not simply want to verify the occurrence of this pattern; what you would want to do is to extract the digit sequence that was matched, so that you could apply further verification checks. (...) by Andrew Peterson http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Finding-what-matched-and-other-advanced-features/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Finding-what-matched-and-other-advanced-features/ Thu, 01 May 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) Components not only offer a new and better way to write ColdFusion code, but they also enable ColdFusion to expose its functionality to the outside world through Web services and also make developing Flash MX applications a snap. Components bring a more object-like approach to ColdFusion, so be prepared to learn some new coding techniques. In fact, if ColdFusion is your first and only language, this object-like approach to ColdFusion programming may seem very odd and cumbersome at first, but if you stay with us through this article, you see a faster and more logical way to write maintainable applications. (...) by Steve Maye http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/What-a-component-really-is/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/What-a-component-really-is/ Mon, 28 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) The sort routine is similar to the numeric_sort illustrated earlier. It relies on the convention that, before the routine is called, the global variables $a and $b will have been assigned the two data elements (in this case report lines) that must be compared. sub by_keystr { my $str1 = substr($a,50); my $str2 = substr($b,50); if($str1 lt $str2) { return -1; } elsif($str1 eq $str2) { return 0; } else { return 1; } } This subroutine requires local variables to store the two sub-strings. (...) by Jorge Martinez http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Each-output-line-consists-of-a-list-of-words/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Each-output-line-consists-of-a-list-of-words/ Sat, 26 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) The outlet only serves burgers with fries; a burger meal costs $5.95. Customers may order any number of burger meals. (...) by Ronald Smith http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Slightly-modified-specification-for-a-CS1-program/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Slightly-modified-specification-for-a-CS1-program/ Thu, 24 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) A Perl list is like a dynamic array class in C++ or Java (e.g. java. (...) by Sarah Miller http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Lists-and-arrays/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Lists-and-arrays/ Thu, 24 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) While we are at it, we might as well look at monitoring some of the other elements in the backup domain that might need our attention. In this article, we go through some of the tools available to monitor the activities of our example backup and restore application, VERITAS NetBackup. The most common tool for monitoring the backup and restore activity is the Activity Monitor. (...) by Jan Vanderssen http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Using-the-Activity-Monitor/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Using-the-Activity-Monitor/ Sat, 19 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) These are the actual tapes that will be used to hold the data that is being backed up. Once you have configured one or more robotic devices, you can use the Volume Configuration Wizard. An easy way to proceed, at least for the first time, is to use this tool and to inventory the robotic libraries. (...) by Soraya Perez http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Define-some-storage-media-to-be-used-for-the-backups/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Define-some-storage-media-to-be-used-for-the-backups/ Fri, 18 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) If this is a new backup domain, you can use this information to determine what type of tape drives and media will work best. If this is an existing domain, you can determine if you have enough drive and library capacity. Every piece is interrelated. (...) by Paul Robertson http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Evaluating-Storage-Media-Requirements/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Evaluating-Storage-Media-Requirements/ Thu, 17 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) We will discuss some of the reasons for picking one or the other later, but part of this decision is whether you plan to implement a SAN or distributed media servers (or both). Generally, it is cheaper to buy one large library than two smaller libraries that equal the same capacity in drives and slots. A sample of the library vendors are ADIC, ATL, Compaq, Exabyte, Fujitsu, HP, IBM, NEC, Sony, Spectra Logic, and StorageTek. (...) by Paul Robertson http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Specific-NetBackup-Configuration-Elements/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Specific-NetBackup-Configuration-Elements/ Thu, 17 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) It is time to put all of this knowledge to use. If this is the first time an actual backup and recovery strategy has been implemented, you will be able to tailor the backup domain. If this is an upgrade or application change, you will probably have to work within the confines of the existing layout, making changes as required. (...) by Michael Kinney http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Layout-NetBackup-Domain/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Layout-NetBackup-Domain/ Wed, 16 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) When in doubt, however, go with more media. Establishing the best frequency and retention policy for data that is not covered by business and legal requirements also involves knowing why the data is being backed up and what recovery requirements are. In general, truly static data or static systems should not need very frequent backups. (...) by Roy Johnsson http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Frequency-of-Backups/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Frequency-of-Backups/ Tue, 15 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) One particular case involved a company that had lost their primary server that ran their most critical application. They spent several hours trying to recover from mirrored disks, when the actual failure was filesystem corruption. Mirrors did not help in this case. (...) by Amalia Laras http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Learn-from-the-errors-of-their-ways/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Learn-from-the-errors-of-their-ways/ Sun, 13 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) htaccess files in subdirectories. The options here allow you to specify that nothing be changed (as in the example with AllowOverride None), or that anything be changed (AllowOverride Any). You can be more discriminating and authorize changes on access controls (AllowOverride Limit for IP based controls) or authorization (AllowOverride AuthConfig), as well as more subtle things like specifying that a directory’s contents should be handled in different ways with respect to language preferences. (...) by Jackie Ross http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/The-next-few-elements-define-options/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/The-next-few-elements-define-options/ Sat, 12 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) These almost invisible window treatments are equally almost indestructible. They sit on your window sill or inside your door frame eliminating the need for replacement windows and increasing the benefits of your existing windows by 300%. 100% of current existing windows amplify outside noises as they allow UV Rays and billions of particles of pollen, dust, dirt and the entire gamut of airborne allergens to enter your home, polluting your air 24/7, 365 days a year. (...) by Mackenzie McGrew http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Keep-Sound-Out-Noise-Proof-Your-Space/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Keep-Sound-Out-Noise-Proof-Your-Space/ Thu, 10 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) The relevant modules (mod_env, mod_cgi and mod_include) are included in the default Apache build. It is best to limit the number of directories that contain executable code that can generate dynamic pages. The default configuration, as specified in the httpd. (...) by Jasmin Summersby http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Generation-of-dynamic-pages/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Generation-of-dynamic-pages/ Thu, 10 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) This article shows you the many things that you can do with exception handling, as well as how to pull these techniques together into a consolidated framework that enables your application to gracefully recover from almost any error. If an error occurs in your ColdFusion code, it normally stops page execution and outputs the standard ColdFusion error page, which shows what happened and where. Structured exception handling enables you to catch the error before the user sees it and do something different, depending on the circumstances of the error. (...) by Jose Carreto http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/What-structured-exception-handling-is/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/What-structured-exception-handling-is/ Wed, 09 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) toString()# </cfoutput> </cfcatch> </cftry> GetException() retrieves the most recent exception that occurred for myObject. Exception.toString() gets a message that you can display to the user. (...) by Aris Buttler http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Throwing-and-catching-Java-exceptions/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Throwing-and-catching-Java-exceptions/ Wed, 09 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) Instead, the user sees a pop-up JavaScript message that indicates the problem. The user can press the OK button and correct the problem immediately, without needing to back up to correct it. But does this JavaScript pop-up concept scare you? Are you perhaps not familiar with JavaScript? Or worried about cross-browser script-support issues? The great thing about CF’s automatic client-side validation capability is that it creates the JavaScript for you to perform this validation and pop-up such messages. (...) by Audrey Gartinger http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Automatic-Validation-on-the-Client/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Automatic-Validation-on-the-Client/ Tue, 08 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) It did uppercase the entire field name for us (we just used username), and the on-screen prompt does simply ask for USERNAME. Although it’s not really about validation per se, consider that some users may be confused by a prompt on-screen requesting their Username. Most computer people recognize that as a prompt for the user’s authentication identifier, often called a username or userid. (...) by Jill Babcoff http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Improving-the-error-message/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Improving-the-error-message/ Mon, 07 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) By default, ColdFusion stores Client variables in the Windows Registry. As you can see, all the Client variables assigned to a given session are stored under a key that takes its name from the CFID and CFTOKEN of a given session. The problem is that the Windows Registry was never intended as a high-speed data-storage and -retrieval system, and large numbers of consecutive accesses can affect a server’s performance. (...) by Lucas Arnelas http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Storing-Client-Variables/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Storing-Client-Variables/ Sun, 06 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) Request variables are available to all templates in a request, including custom tags, and are the best way to give custom tags access to global variables such as Request.MainDSN, Request.Username, and Request. (...) by Greg Hunter http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Using-the-Request-Scope/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Using-the-Request-Scope/ Sat, 05 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) This article does not describe how to use CFSCRIPT—only how to use CFSCRIPT in conjunction with user-defined functions. A user-defined function, or UDF, can be built in CFSCRIPT, CFML, or a combination of the two. The following parts describe how to build UDFs by using CFSCRIPT. (...) by Nina Lachey http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/UDF-structure/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/UDF-structure/ Fri, 04 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) Having the capability to intersperse CFML and HTML tags without needing to open and close script blocks or needing to remember what syntax you’re currently working in is a wonderful thing. At times, however, using a scriptable syntax would be nice—for example, if you’re doing heavy data processing on a page. As nice as CFML’s tag-based syntax is, number crunching is best expressed in script. (...) by Johanna Schmidt http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/What-is-CF-Script/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/What-is-CF-Script/ Thu, 03 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) SomeValue = 1> That line creates a structure named aNewStruct with a substructure named SomeKey that has an element named SomeValue with a value of 1. Notice that the names of all newly created structures and keys are all uppercase, regardless of the capitalization that you use in the code. As convenient as this method may seem, it does have a drawback. (...) by Amanda Baker http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/How-dot-notation-automatically-creates-a-nested-structure/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/How-dot-notation-automatically-creates-a-nested-structure/ Wed, 02 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) If you need an empty element, you must put spaces in the list, as in the following example: <cfset myList = “apple,pear, ,orange,banana, “> A good practice is to avoid empty elements if possible. ColdFusion’s list-processing functions work differently than do the list-processing functions in most other languages and could present a portability issue. What if you suddenly needed to use a semicolon as your list delimiter instead of a comma? You would use ListChangeDelims() as follows: <cfset myList = ListChangeDelims(myList, “;”, “,”)> myList now contains “apple;pear;orange;banana”. (...) by Albert Niftiger http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Dealing-with-empty-elements/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Dealing-with-empty-elements/ Tue, 01 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) <cfquery name=”GetEmployees” datasource=”#Request.MainDSN#”> SELECT CompanyName FROM Company </cfquery> <cfoutput> <cfloop query=”GetEmployees”> #CompanyName#<br> </cfloop> </cfoutput> The CFLOOP in the code loops over each row present in the GetEmployees query object and outputs each company name in the query. This type of loop is similar to a CFOUTPUT statement, except that CFLOOP can be nested inside of another CFOUTPUT (something that you cannot do with CFOUTPUT alone). (...) by Carmela Herandez http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Looping/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Looping/ Mon, 31 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) In this article, you learn how to use conditional and loop logic to construct efficient flow control for your application. You also learn how to redirect the user to a different template and how to include code from external templates. An If construct consists of a condition and a dependent statement. (...) by John Fox http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Constructs/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Constructs/ Sun, 30 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) Stored procedures can call other stored procedures much the same way that they are called from ColdFusion but without the tag-based interface. Say, for example, that you have a stored procedure, sp_GetInventoryItem, that retrieves an InventoryItem row based on the ItemNumber value passed. You use sp_GetInventoryItem throughout your e-commerce application to get product information as users browse the catalog, and you also use it to retrieve inventory items for administrative work. (...) by Michael Patterson http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Reusing-stored-procedure-code/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Reusing-stored-procedure-code/ Sat, 29 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) For those that can, CFPROCRESULT binds those result sets to ColdFusion queries, which makes them available for use in your ColdFusion applications just as if they were returned from a CFQUERY call. And although some database servers can return multiple result sets from a single CFSTOREDPROC call, the driver with which ColdFusion accesses the database must support such a capability as well. For Oracle, you need a Type 4 JDBC Driver, such as the one that ships standard with ColdFusion MX Enterprise, or the free OIC driver from Oracle if you’re running ColdFusion MX Professional. (...) by Jan Hardy http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Passing-parameters-by-position-rather-than-by-name/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Passing-parameters-by-position-rather-than-by-name/ Fri, 28 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) Now imagine if you could take a query statement and define it as a formal database object that could be accessed just as a table can. Well, you can—that is what is called a view. The code defines a database view. (...) by Roger Arling http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Views/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Views/ Thu, 27 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) You should consider caching only queries that fit the following criteria: The query has a significant allowable latency. In other words, the data in the result set doesn’t change often and is, therefore, stable over a significant length of time. The query is universal in scope, such that all users of your application can utilize exactly the same query result. (...) by Richard Brighton http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Query-Caching/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Query-Caching/ Wed, 26 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) You can memorize SQL clauses and Bachus-Naur forms until you’re blue in the face, but you still end up playing “ready-fire-aim” trying to write complicated SQL that actually works—unless you have a clear picture of exactly how SQL processes statements. Your first step in clearly visualizing SQL is to understand the nature of relational result sets. The code in this article is not supported by Access, so if you want to follow along with the listings in this article, run the files This new database contains additional data and tables to help illustrate the various types of joins and the results that they produce. (...) by Daniel Carlson http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Understanding-All-Relational-Result-Sets/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Understanding-All-Relational-Result-Sets/ Tue, 25 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) Quite a bit of confusion exists over these two clauses, because they often produce the same query results but for very different reasons. In fact, GROUP BY and DISTINCT are not related in any way whatsoever. The GROUP BY clause produces as its intermediate work product a table of rows representing each group, and a sort of “invisible third dimension” lies behind each row, containing the constituent rows that make up that group. (...) by Daniel Carlson http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/How-and-when-to-use-Group-by-Having-and-Distinct/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/How-and-when-to-use-Group-by-Having-and-Distinct/ Tue, 25 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) In many cases, your physical data model almost mirrors your logical data model because entities typically map directly to the tables that store them. Exceptions to this rule are logical data models that contain nonspecific relationships and entity subtypes. Although entity subtypes are an advanced topic, beyond the scope of this article, we do have a nonspecific relationships that must be resolved into a physical database structure. (...) by Linda Hastings http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Creating-your-physical-data-model/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Creating-your-physical-data-model/ Mon, 24 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) ColdFusion, however, makes integrating them with your application a relatively simple matter by using a simple interface—usually just a matter of one or two CFML tags. For more information about extending ColdFusion. In addition, refer to Developing Web Applications with ColdFusion MX in your ColdFusion MX documentation set to learn about creating CFX custom tags, which are custom tags written in Java or C++ for use in ColdFusion. (...) by Mark Dresher http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/ColdFusion-Can-Be-Extended-In-Many-Ways/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/ColdFusion-Can-Be-Extended-In-Many-Ways/ Sat, 22 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) Before you get started, though, you must learn a few terms, set up the database, and create the Web directory that you’re going to use. These are some terms that you should know: A template is a file with a .cfm extension. (...) by Mark Dresher http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/First-ColdFusion-Application/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/First-ColdFusion-Application/ Sat, 22 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) Create a file named CompanyAddAction.cfm inside the Ch02 directory, type the code into the file’s editing window, and save the file. <cfquery name=”InsertCompany” datasource=”#Request. (...) by Mark Dresher http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Building-the-company-add-action-template/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Building-the-company-add-action-template/ Sat, 22 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) SELECT tells the database which columns to retrieve from the database; FROM tells the database which table to retrieve those columns from; and ORDER BY tells the database how to sort the results. The result set returned from CFQUERY contains multiple rows of data, and each row has multiple columns. It would appear that the CFOUTPUT in CompanyList. (...) by Mark Dresher http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Modifying-a-Company-in-the-Database/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Modifying-a-Company-in-the-Database/ Sat, 22 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) cfm, but the edit action updates rather than inserts. Create a file named CompanyEditAction.cfm inside the Ch02 directory, type the code into the file’s editing window, and save the file. (...) by Mark Dresher http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Building-the-company-edit-action-template/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Building-the-company-edit-action-template/ Sat, 22 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) cfm uses a DELETE statement with two SQL clauses: DELETE and WHERE. DELETE tells the database the table from which to delete a record, and WHERE tells the database which record to delete. You can watch the company delete process in action. (...) by Mark Dresher http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Adding-a-New-Employee-to-the-Database/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Adding-a-New-Employee-to-the-Database/ Sat, 22 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) DateOfBirth normally comes back from the database in the following format: 2002-01-01 00:00:00.0 That format is not very user-friendly. Calling DateFormat() with a mask of “mm/dd/yyyy” returns the date as follows: 01/01/2002 This version is, of course, more natural and easy to read. (...) by Mark Dresher http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Modifying-an-Employee-in-the-Database/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Modifying-an-Employee-in-the-Database/ Sat, 22 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) The first page in this process is nearly identical to the employee get edit form. Create a file named EmployeeGetDeleteForm.cfm inside the Ch02 directory, type the code into the file’s editing window, and save the file. (...) by Mark Dresher http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Removing-an-Employee-From-the-Database/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Removing-an-Employee-From-the-Database/ Sat, 22 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) .. <table> <tr> <td><b>ID</b></td> <td><b>Name</b></td> <td><b>Address</b></td> <td><b>City</b></td> <td><b>State</b></td> <td><b>ZIP Code</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <cfoutput query=”GetCompanies”> <tr> <td>#CompanyID#</td> <td>#CompanyName#</td> <td>#Address#</td> <td>#City#</td> <td>#State#</td> <td>#ZipCode#</td> <td> <a href=”EmployeeList. (...) by David Smith http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Making-direct-links-to-the-forms/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Making-direct-links-to-the-forms/ Sat, 22 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) Create a file named TodaysDate.cfm inside the Ch02 directory, type the code into the file’s editing window, and save the file. <cfoutput>#DateFormat(Now(), “ddd, mmm d, yyyy”)#</cfoutput> Now() returns the current date and time, and DateFormat() reformats the date. (...) by David Smith http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Using-a-Custom-Tag/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Using-a-Custom-Tag/ Sat, 22 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) Back in the days of film, you would take your photos, send the film out for processing, and have your prints returned. From that point on, you may have displayed your prints in photo albums and stored your negatives in shoeboxes in the closet—neat, workable system that offers some sense of organization, and one that still applies to digital photography. Today, you can drop your memory card off at the local department store, get prints and CD-ROMs made, and store the CDs in storage cases (or shoeboxes if you prefer). (...) by Anthony Daness http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Determining-which-type-of-workflow-to-use/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Determining-which-type-of-workflow-to-use/ Wed, 19 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) By filling a new layer with 50 percent gray and applying it through the color dodge blending mode, you can bring out detail in an image. This is a nice little nondestructive editing technique that can help improve the tonal range of your image. To fill a new layer with gray to increase the tonal range, follow these steps: 1. (...) by Jonathan Spencer http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Other-Methods-of-Image-Tweaking/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Other-Methods-of-Image-Tweaking/ Wed, 12 Mar 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) Used effectively, wide-angle lenses can also help you catch people unaware. Although that’s an easy thing to abuse, it can also lead to some incredibly natural looking photos. I personally hate posed photographs. (...) by Nathan Weiss http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Using-wide-angle-lenses-creatively/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Using-wide-angle-lenses-creatively/ Fri, 29 Feb 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) Taking the next step as a photographer means it’s time to exert more control over the image-making process. After you determine the necessary settings for correct exposure, the next thing to consider is how to manipulate those settings to achieve your photographic vision. Digital cameras offer photographers great control over the image-making process. (...) by Nathan Weiss http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Digital-cameras-offer-photographers-great-control/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Digital-cameras-offer-photographers-great-control/ Fri, 29 Feb 2008 00:00:00 GMT (...) Thanks to the depth of field created from the small lens opening, you’ll have a zone both before and behind your focusing point that will be in acceptably sharp focus. I use zone focusing a lot at parties, proms, and other get-togethers where a lot of people are interacting. Because I’m usually employed to get candid shots, I don’t want to tip off my subjects that I’m about to take their photo. (...) by David Mark http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Zone-focusing/ http://www.web-articles.info/e/a/title/Zone-focusing/ Fri, 29 Feb 2008 00:00:00 GMT