Understanding How to Get Your Site Online

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Before you can make a new Web site available on the Internet, it must first be assigned its own special Web address, which is commonly referred to as the domain name. The process of acquiring a domain name can be a fun adventure and only requires a little bit of work. To start with, someone needs to think of a good name for the site and then check to see whether that name is available for use or whether it has already been taken. If the desired name is available, the name needs to be registered, and that can be done either through a domain registrar or a host provider.

After the domain name is registered, the site needs a hosting plan so that it can reside on a server and thus become available to the public. All of this needs to be done before you can publish the site. Most people like to register the domain and get a hosting plan at the start of any new Web project to ensure that the domain name is secure during the site-building process. And, because building a site takes a good bit of time, most folks also like to have a customized placeholder page designed and uploaded to the domain until the new Web site is ready for publishing.

If you are working as a freelance Web designer, some of your Web clients will have already registered their domain and secured a hosting plan before contacting you about your design services. Other new clients, however, will not have done any of these things and will need a fair amount of handholding from you as you take them through each of the steps. Being able to provide information about these topics to your clients can both enrich your skills as a Web professional and enhance their experience with you as a designer.

This fact alone can be very good for business because happy clients are more likely to return to you for Web site maintenance services after their site gets published, as well as refer other friends and business acquaintances to you if they feel confident in all your Web-related skills. If this is your first time dealing with domain names and hosting plans, you may want to try setting up a domain name and hosting plan for your own Web site before handling these tasks for any Web clients.

Selecting a Domain Name

Choosing a domain name for a Web site is something that you, in your role as a designer, may or may not be involved in when working with Web clients, depending on their individual needs and how Web-savvy they are. Some Web clients will have already selected a domain, registered it, and secured hosting, whereas others will say they don’t really understand anything about all that stuff and are relying on your experience to help them figure it all out, or in some cases do it all for them because they don’t care to know. Some clients, of course, will fall somewhere in between these extremes, needing a little help with some but not all of these domain-related responsibilities.

In the following sections, you find out more about domain names, how to help select a domain name for your client, and then how to check to make sure the name is available.

Understanding what a domain name is

Simply put, a domain name is a name that is used to identify an address on the Internet for a particular Web site and any e-mail addresses configured for that site, such as http://www.cleanfordreams.com and info@www.cleanfordreams.com. The Web address itself is composed of four distinct parts. 

Protocol: The first part of a Web address, http://, is the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which identifies the protocol that allows a computer to browse the Web by getting information from a remote server. Secure access to the Internet (that is, anytime a domain has an SSL [Secure Sockets Layer] certificate installed on the host server for encrypting private data) requires the use of the https:// (note the s for secure) protocol. 

www: The second part refers to the World Wide Web and identifies the type of page that will be delivered in a browser window. You might notice that some sites still display in your browser without the www part of the address, such as typing just google.com into your browser’s address bar instead of www.google.com, but that function is typically server dependent and isn’t a universal feature of domain names.

Another type of Web address includes domains where the www is omitted, such as in http://maps.google.com. This type of address refers to a subsite or subdomain that resides on the main domain’s servers but is separate from it. 

Domain name: The third part identifies the unique name of the Web site as registered by the owner of the site. Domain names may contain any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters and numbers. In addition, though less often used, domain names may also include hyphens but no other special characters, as in www.Jet-StreamShowerhead.net. 

Extension: The fourth part identifies the type of site visitors should expect to see at the address, such as .com for commercial business sites, .org for nonprofit organizations, and .edu for educational sites.

Although several unrestricted domain extensions are in use by all kinds of businesses around the world, the most familiar extensions should really be used as they were intended. For example, the .org extension should be used for nonprofit organizations, and the .gov extension should be used exclusively for government agencies.

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